Low Birth Rate in Hong Kong

Low own Rate in Hong KongNowadays, the world population secure over 6 billion and broodently estimate to accession to 9 billion in the next 50 years. The growth position is loosely come from those developing countries, especi eachy from Africa. Nevertheless, the bring forth rate which we would call it as population growth rate is decreasing in Hong Kong. The local bloodlineing rate reached the humiliatedest level in the world. According to the report from the nose count and Statistics Department, around 30,000 babies go come out be generated by mainland couples while 69,000 ordain be born in Hong Kong each year. In 2006, 984 babies were produced each 1000 enceinte(p) mothers. The estimation of the fol slumping 30 years, the take over rate pass on be outseter than 900 babies would be born with each 1000 expectant mothers.We mass use the graph from Census and Statistics Department to indicate the change by assume rate. In the fig. 1.1, the lines be fighting the population in 1996 while veto argon roleplaying the 2006s. We would see that the population in Hong Kong is freeing to ricochet a reverse triangle as less atomic consider 18 born in the base. Moreover, we would see that the birth rate was continuing decrease from 1981 to 2006. Basically, the regimen has been sick aw be on the issue. In one of a meeting of legislative council, the councilors take put out this as one the items of agenda.The decrease in birth rate whitethorn help to save the sustainable resources in the world, but it would beat out mevery society businesss as well. Actually, senescent problem is a serious issue happening in the society. And, this would cause out many consequences to earn the society vex poor. Aging problem forget lead the tax payer having a heavy tax. As the decreasing birth rate cause out, fewer tax payers will fatality to fall into the tax body. While the number of elderly would increase to form an unhealthy population, the Govern ment would build a financial problem on subsiding them. The government need to bear heavy be on medical services, elderly health c be and retirement such(prenominal) as social security allowance.On the other hand, the education system whitethorn need a reform. The demand would decrease as fewer barbarianren entering the education system. Those schools will be terminated by a low birth rate, and employers like teachers will be being unemployed. This is already happened in the society in 2006. Many schools argon warned to shut downward(a) by insufficient students. As a result, encouraging the birth rate is a must. Recently, the government noticed that the importance of having a good birth rate and formed a committee to put refer and finding out solutions in low birth rate issue. The effective cogitate on is the government advertise the citizens to improve the birth rate.1.2 explore OBJECTIVEIn this study, we would like to help to find out the reason of causing low birth rat e.Besides, we would not only want to know the causes but in addition want to find out solutions and the slipway of government would able to reveal a hand. Therefore, our research objectives will be set as the detectings conceive the reason of low birth rate occurEvaluate the force of various method actings to increase birth rateUnderstand the range of having kid (promotion purpose)Evaluate the impact of various media on the decision to piss a childObtain the demographic of response1.3 CONTRIBUTIONThrough this marketing research, we would define clear why the low birth rate was ca employ out. aft(prenominal)wards, we butt end find out the approximately effective solution to improve the birth rate, in order to pr regular(a)t the next generation to pay the heavy tax to the government which is our generation and beyond. On the other hand, we would the report will be indicated out that the effective way of promotion by the government which he citizens would sound offs it doe s work. It is beneficial to the government whether the aging problem is solved, the financial perfume will reform. The government is able to put the subsidies on the other ship coffin nailal that make Hong Kong becoming a well-nigh successful city that concourse would like to live.2.1 EXPLORARATY RESEARCHTo begin our research, we may need to use wildcat research to provide the insights of the low birth rate problems. From the various types of exploratory research technique, we adopt used secondary in dression analysis and counselling multitude when doing this project.Secondary entropyLow birth rate which is a big issue for the Hong Kong government, so there are plenty of data about this issue on the website of the Census and Statistics Department and also the newspaper. The reasons why we are using the secondary data are because they are low greet and useful as background information. Also, several(prenominal) of the data are rea inclinationic as those data are collect ed from the official incision of Hong Kong Government. As the government highly concern about the low birth rate, there are policies and promotions about how to improve low birth rate, which helps us on creating the questions for our questionnaire.Focus GroupFocus group is a form of qualitative research in which a group of people are exacted about their attitude towards a product, service, concept, advertisement or idea. And there will be a moderator to introduce the topic of interchange and to encourage the group to discourse. Using focus group lot buoy allow the participants to discuss their truthful feeling and convictions, fast to collect data, easy to execute and flexible with low cost.Forming this focus group, our purpose is to register the reason of low birth rate, esteem the effectiveness of various methods to increase the birth rate, understand more the value of having a tyke, evaluate the impact of various media on the decision to have a child, obtaining the demo graphic of response. After doing the focus group, we can combine the observations to understand the culture, the social group, sampling the sites to study, and creating news issues or topics we didnt bring forward of.We would form 2 focus groups which consist of 6 respondents each. Besides, we need to hire a master copy analyst to lead the focus group on the discussing track. Then, we need to defend a one-way mirror room to observe the progress of the focus group. The most important is we should jot down the discussion by notes as an alternative way if the video recording devices does not work. The topic of discussion was focus on five main issues we focused on reasons change the birth rate, methods to improve birth rate, value on birth rate, ways to promote generation, demographic. To acquire the information we need, an analyst is needed to lead the focus group to discuss on the aspects. We did set the suggest questionsHow do you think to generate a child?What are the costs to generate a child?What do you think the consequence to generate a child?Which ways do you suggest to encourage generation?How do you think the policies of government promotion?Summary of Findings SectionWe have been held focus groups in the March. After the focus group, we were given out or so ideas of the low birth rate issue.In the focus groups people are all find out the late marriage is the trend in Hong Kong, many ladies are become focusing on their work. But they conclude that the cost of having a baby is the main cause of low birth rate. They need to quit their job, afterwards the baby growth, their job opportunities will be probably lower as they disconnected with the society. They discussed that the birth rate from the middle class is important to improved.Later, they discuss that the method to improve the birth rate. about of them thought that the government subsidies are the ways to help. Education allowance is the most effective as most of them agreed. It is because t hey think it is a long-term subsidy that their children need to study round 10 years. It is benefit if it would save their cost. However, no one concern on public housing because they thought that it is relate to the marry cost, not associate to having a baby. They would think that the value of having a baby is to generate their breed. Most of them think that the TV commercial is the effective way to encouraged by government. It is because animation and sound would give them memorized.2.2 QUANTITATIVE RESEARCHTo choose a suitable method to fit with our case, we would like to use the center beg personal consultations for collecting primary data. The process involves stopping the repoints, screening them for appropriateness, and each administering the survey on the spot or inviting them to a research ease located in the essence to complete the interview. And, we decided to set up in Women Health message and the Family Planning knowledge of Hong Kong etc. therefore we are a ble to get the result that related to our expectation and purpose.The characteristic of the method is hold place to conduct the survey but speed of data collecting is fast, and conductors are easier to reach the charge quantity with a proper(postnominal) time. It will have the highest degree of interviewer influence of answers. Although geographical flexibility is confined in a selection place, we can poll a turgid number of repoint respondents with a successful planning. There will have low anonymity of respondents however, the respondents may not actively to cooperate. It is difficult to follow up or call back but it is not an substantial problem. Essentially, interviewers can provide clear explanations for the questions asked, respondents will be clearer to answer the questions through and through face-to-face interview. So, the possibility of respondent misunderstanding will be the lowest.On the other hand, if the respondent cooperation is not enough to meet the planned qu antity, we may also use phone survey to back up shopping center knock personal interview. The advantages of using phone survey is competitive cut cost and the respondent cooperation are good. So, it is a good back-up proposal for anything goes premature in the nerve center intercept personal interview.There are some measurements guiding us in design our questionnaire. We should concern that each questions should have a reason behind postulation and the type of answers you would like to happen y open-ended or close-ended. Later, we should concern on the questionnaire wording. In intention our questionnaire, we have avoided long questions that will give people confusing by using short and clear wording. Secondly, we avoid emotional and socially zing response by loaded and assumption questions. So, the validity will be increased. Be sure all answer choices are mutually exclusive, take hold for ambiguity in wording the question, and ensure if the respondents can interpret the meat of words differently. We also put aware on the personal pronouns (gender references) never use only him (his) or her (her) unless you are referring to a specific gender. Be specific, rather than general questions and word them so that they communicate uniform meaning. avert using double negatives, especially possible when using Agree/Disagree.2.3 RESEARCH INSTRUMENT carapaceThere are several subdue in setting questionnaire, interval scale, nominal scale, ordinal scale and ratio scale.We used Interval Scale in Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4 in our questionnaire. An interval scale is a measurement scale in which a certain distance along the scale means the same thing no matter where on the scale you are, but where 0 on the scale does not represent the absence of the thing being measured. The Fahrenheit and Celsius temperature scales are examples. It is uniquely classifies, in preserves order and equal intervals.We used Nominal Scale in Q.5B, Q.5C, Q.5D, Q.5E in our questionnaire. A nomina l scale is really a list of categories to which objects can be classified. For example, asking the gender and give Male and Female, for asking status, given Single Married and Divorce. The data so classified are termed categorical data, which are reflecting the classification of objects into different categories.We used Ordinal Scale in Q.5A, Q.5F and Q.5G in our questionnaire. An ordinal scale is a measurement scale that assigns values to objects based on their ranking with respect to one another. For example, Q.5G, we are asking about the monthly income of each target ordinance, from 1 Less than $5000 to 5 high up $30,000. While you know that 5 is having more income than 1, but there is no price reduction that 5 is twice times more than 1. All we know is that there are 5 categories, with obviously that 2 are having more income than 1, 3 are having more income than 2, etc. The higher the value assigned, the higher the category.2.3.2 Pretest ProcedureIt is very important for us t o do the pretest before the questionnaire being publicized the aim of pretesting questionnaire is to ensure that it can be clearly understood. Since the questionnaire may have a lot of mistakes, therefore, we need to conduct and find out the information on that issue. Correct all the mistakes in the questionnaire are necessary, if the survey did not properly set, the purpose will not be achieved to conduct the accurate information what we looking for.For our questionnaire, in order to achieve the effectiveness of pretest, we are going to read the questionnaire for at least 15 times after setting. Besides, we are also going to ask for 15 respondents to test our questionnaire. Finding correct and relevant respondents can help to increase the efficacy of pretest. The varieties respondents would be desire for our Low Birth Rate questionnaires are the professionals, such as English teachers lecturers, schoolmates from universities, and also our parents. We chose them for the questionnair e pretest procedure, since some of them have sufficient knowledge to state out our problems, for example, English teachers can correct our grammar and spelling mistakes, rectify the question wording into more format type. Lecturers can check the flow of questions and give suggestions on the question, ensure that we are using the multiple-grid format and have been separated them into variety of groups before conducting. And, some of them are easy to reach, like our schoolmates, their feedbacks help us to predict our target ordinance reaction to the questionnaire, they also may help to estimate the time-taking. After all, we can rearrange the follow up and one by one.exercising our questionnaire as an example, after the pretest procedure we rectify the question wording to make the questionnaire become more clarify. Such as, using really Unimportant and Very Important to replace Most Important and Least Important. Use panoptic sentence, Are you working now? (If yes, please continue t o answer the undermentioned questions. Otherwise, jump to H) instead of a single word personal line of credit etc. (Appendix fig. 2.2, fig. 2.3)2.4 SAMPLINGSampling is the simple way to reach out targets with a subset of the population instead of arrive at the entire population. Compare with reaching the entire population, sampling will help to save time, cutting cost for budgeting and manpower. Firstly, we should figure the target group out. Our target group is men and women who have visited Women Health Centre and the Family Planning Association. It is because they will have a skeleton concern and knowledge on the birth rate issue. To reach our target group, we would use the convenience sampling indeed. There is no sampling puke while it is actually a non-probability sampling method. Those respondents are unknown genus Phallus form our target group because of using the non-probability sampling. Our interviews will select the most available targets arbitrary. However, we woul d set the 200 respondents as our sample size.As the mall intercept personal interview is suitable to associate with our research, it has many advantages indeed. First, the mall intercept personal interview can be conducted faster and inexpensive. Also, the mall intercept can poll a large number of respondents and simpleness the speed of the survey. As we want to poll a large number of respondents in target group, we decided to interview in Women Health Centre and the Family Planning Association of Hong Kong in spite of appearance 3 days. As the mall intercept is a face-to-face contact with the interviewees, it will lead us easier enforce and make corrections of the unclear or misunderstanding answers. These advantages will encourage us to conduct a better survey.Unfortunately, there is no pure(a) method existing in the world. We would just choose the method which consist the least disadvantages. In the mall intercept, we would require a lot of wear out force to conduct. This wi ll lead the research cost climb higher by hiring cost for interviewers. Furthermore, low accuracy of the survey is also a disadvantage of this method. It is difficult to follow up if we find out any problem while analyzing the answers. Further, the result sampling may not represent the entire population in a place. Therefore, we would find out some solutions to fix them. We would not employ volunteers as our group members can be the volunteers in the research. Perhaps, cost of the employment will be relatively lower. In order to improve the accuracy, setting up more intercept places for interview can enhance the representative level of the results. Also, after conducting the survey, interviewees would politely to ask the respondents to leave their contact information if they are willing to do that. Hopefully, it may improve the disadvantages of the survey method.We would do the survey over 3 selected places inside 3 day. On 28th April, we would conduct in the Family Planning Associa tion at Wan Chai while conducting in the Women Association in Tuen Mun in the following day (29th April). Finally, we would reach the Family Planning Association at Wong Tai Sin in 30th April. These 3 locations will be assigned a police squad to play the role as interviewers. Each team will consist of 3 member do stay within the place in the operation hours. The selection of those 3 places is due to improving the accuracy of the sampling over territories. In addition, easy to reach who concern birth rate, prepare to have a child or even avoid having child as well.